2021年12月英语六级真题 第1套

Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

The Caribbean islands are divided into two worlds, a rich one and a poor one.［16］This tropical region's economy is based mainly on farming. Farmers are of two types. One is the plantation owner who may have hundreds of thousands of acres. In contrast, the small cultivator is working only a few acres of land. Most visitors to the Caribbean are rich, like the plantation owner. They do not realize or do not want to realize that many farm families barely manage to get by on what they grow.
The Caribbean produces many things.［17］Sugar is the main product. Other export crops are tobacco, coffee, bananas, spices and citrus fruits, such as orange, lemon or grapefruit. From the West Indies also come oil, mineral pitch and many forest products. Jamaica's aluminum ore supplies are the world's largest. Oil comes from Trinidad, Aruba and Curacao. But for many of the smaller islands, sugar is the only export. Rum, a strong alcoholic drink—which is distilled from sugar cane—is also an export. The world's best rum comes from this area. Local kinds vary from the light rums of Puerto Rico to the heavier, darker rums of Barbados and Jamaica. American tourists enjoy stocking up on inexpensive high-quality Caribbean rum while they're on vacation. In Curacao, the well-known liquor of that name is made from the thick, outer skin of a native orange.
Ever since America's colonial days, the Caribbean islands have been favorite places to visit. Since World War II, tourism has increased rapidly because great numbers of people go there. The islanders have built elaborate resorts, developed harbors and airfields, improved beaches and have expanded sea and air routes. Everything is at the resort—hotel, beach, shopping and recreation. The vacationer never has any reason to explore the island.
As in most places, those who have money live well, indeed; those who don't have money live at various levels of poverty, but here the poor greatly outnumber the wealthy. A visitor will find rich people living in apartments or Spanish houses at the seaside or in the countryside. Their service might include a cook, a maid and a nurse for the children.［18］Most of the people live well below the poverty level. In towns, they live crowded together in tiny houses. Islanders make the best they can of what they have. Their homes are quite shabby. Sadly, most tourists never see this side of the Caribbean.

加勒比群岛被划分成了两个世界，一个富有，另一个贫穷。［16］这个热带地区的经济主要依靠农业。那里有两种类型的农民。一种是可能拥有几十万英亩土地的种植园主。相比之下，拥有小型种植园的耕种者只能耕种几英亩的土地。大部分去加勒比地区的游客都很富有，就像种植园主一样。他们没有意识到或者不想意识到，很多农户仅靠自己种植的农作物勉强维持生计。
加勒比地区生产很多产品。［17］糖是主要的产品。其他出口的农作物产品有烟草、咖啡、香蕉、香料和柑橘类的水果，例如橘子、柠檬或者葡萄柚。西印度群岛地区还生产石油、柏油和许多林产品。牙买加的铝矿石储量是世界上最多的。特立尼达岛、阿鲁巴岛和库拉索岛生产石油。但是对于很多较小的岛屿来说，糖是唯一的出口产品。朗姆酒—一种从甘蔗中提取出的烈性酒精饮料—也是一种出口产品。世界上最好的朗姆酒产自这个地区。当地朗姆酒的品种不同，从波多黎各的酒精度低的朗姆酒，到巴巴多斯和牙买加的酒精度更高、颜色更深的朗姆酒。美国的游客去旅行时喜欢置办价格便宜、质量上乘的加勒比朗姆酒。在库拉索岛，知名的朗姆酒是用当地产的橘子的厚实外皮酿成的。
自美洲成为殖民地以来，加勒比群岛一直是最受人喜爱的旅游地。二战后，因为很多人去那里旅游，旅游业得到了迅速发展。岛上的居民建造了精心装饰的度假胜地，开发了港口和机场，改善了海滩环境，并且延长了海空航线。度假胜地一应俱全—宾馆、海滩、购物和娱乐活动应有尽有。度假的人绝对找不到去探索所在岛屿的理由。
正如在大部分地区一样，那些有钱的人生活得很好；那些没有钱的人生活在不同程度的贫困中，但是这里的穷人远远多于富人。游客会发现富人生活在海边或者乡村的公寓或西班牙建筑式的房子中。这些富人获得的生活服务可能包括一名厨师、一名女佣和一名照看孩子的保姆。［18］大多数人的生活水平在贫困线以下。在城镇里，他们一起挤在小房子里。岛民充分利用他们所拥有的来过活。他们的家相当简陋。令人难过的是，大部分游客从未见过加勒比地区人们的这一面。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

Talk to anyone who is a generation or two older, and they would most likely comment that children are more spoiled these days. No one wants to have or be around demanding, selfish and spoiled children, those who get bad-tempered or silently brood when they're not given everything they want immediately. Paradoxically, the parents of such children encourage this demanding behavior in the mistaken belief that by giving their children everything they can, their children will be happy. In the short term, perhaps they are right.［19］But in the longer term, such children end up lonely, dependent, chronically dissatisfied and resentful of the parents who try so hard to please them.
Undoubtedly, parents want to raise happy children who are confident, capable and likable, rather than spoiled and miserable.［20］One factor hindering this is that parents can't or don't spend enough quality time with their kids and substitute this deficit with toys, games, gadgets and the like. Rather than getting material things, children need parents' devoted attention. The quantity of time spent together is less important than the content of that time. Instead of instantly satisfying their wishes, parents should help them work out a plan to earn things they'd like to have. This teaches them to value the effort as well as what it achieves. Allow them to enjoy anticipation. Numerous psychological studies have demonstrated that children who learn to wait for things they desire are more likely to succeed in a number of ways later in life.
One famous experiment in the 1960s involved 3- to 6-year-old children. They were given a choice between receiving a small reward, such as a cookie immediately, or if they waited 15 minutes, they could have two. Follow-up studies have found that those who chose to delay satisfaction are now more academically successful, have greater self-worth, and even tend to be healthier.［21］If they fail, children should be encouraged to keep trying, rather than to give up, if they really want the desired result. This teaches them how to handle and recover from disappointment, which is associated with greater success and satisfaction academically, financially, and in personal relationships. And lastly, parents should encourage their children to look at life from other points of view as well as their own. This teaches them to be understanding of and sympathetic towards others—qualities sure to take them a long way in life.

与年长一代或两代的人交谈，他们最有可能会说如今的孩子们更加被宠坏了。没有人想有或者想身边有难满足的、自私的和被宠坏的孩子，即那些如果不能立即得到想要的东西，就发脾气或者生闷气的孩子。荒谬的是，这些孩子的父母助长了这种要求苛刻的行为，他们误以为，给孩子想要的一切，孩子就会高兴。从短期来看，也许他们的做法是对的。［19］但是从长远来看，这样的孩子最终会变得孤独、依赖性强，慢慢地对非常努力讨好自己的父母变得不满和怨恨。
毋庸置疑，父母想培养出幸福的孩子，让孩子自信、有能力和可爱，而不是被宠坏和令人痛苦。［20］对此的一个阻碍因素是，父母不能或者没有花足够的黄金时间来陪伴孩子，而是用玩具、游戏、小物件和类似东西来代替缺失的陪伴时间。孩子需要父母全心全意的关注，而不是得到一些物质类的东西。父母陪伴孩子时间的质量比数量更重要。父母应该帮助孩子制定赢得想要的东西的计划，而不是立即满足他们的愿望。这教会孩子重视自己所付出的努力以及通过努力所得到的成果。让他们享受期盼。无数心理学研究已经表明，学会等待自己想要的东西的孩子在以后的生活中更有可能在很多方面取得成功。
20世纪60年代的一项著名实验的研究对象为三到六岁的孩子。这些孩子可以选择立即得到一个小奖品，例如一块饼干，或者如果他们等待15分钟，就可以得到两块。后续的研究发现，那些选择延迟得到满足的孩子现在在学术上更加成功，有更强烈的自我价值感，甚至往往身体更加健康。［21］如果孩子失败了，应该鼓励他们继续尝试而不是放弃，如果他们真的想要得到理想的结果的话。这教导他们如何处理失望情绪并从中恢复过来，帮助他们在学业、财务和人际关系上取得更大的成功，并获得更大的满足感。最后，父母应该鼓励孩子除了从自身角度外，还要从其他角度来看待生活。这教导他们理解和同情他人，这些品质一定能让他们的人生之路走得长远。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

It's not hard to mess up an interview. Most people feel nervous sitting across from a hiring manager, answering questions that effectively open themselves up for judgment.［22］And your chances of being more carefully considered for the job can quickly go downhill just by saying the wrong thing at the wrong time.［23］The most obvious thing not to do is complain. Employers want to hire positive people. Talking about a previous job negatively raises concerns that you might be difficult to manage, or you might be someone that blames management for your own poor performance. Don't say that you've moved around in jobs because you haven't found the right fit or feel that you were not challenged enough. Statements like these will make you sound aimless and lost. And interviewer may well think why would this role be any different for you. You will probably leave here in six months. It also begs a question of what type of relationship you had with your manager. It doesn't sound like you had open communication with him or her.
［24］Managers usually love people who can self-sustain and enable growth through taking initiative, who are strong at following through their work and who bring ideas and solutions to the table. If you were in a management or leadership position when discussing your current role, never take all the credit for accomplishments or achievements. Emphasize your team and how through their talents your vision was realized. Most successful leaders know that they are only as good as their team. And acknowledging this in an interview will go a long way towards suggesting that you might be the right person for the position you are applying for.
Lastly, have a good idea of what your role would be. And try and convey the idea that you're flexible. Asking what your role would be suggests you will limit yourself purely to what is expected of you. In reality, your role is whatever you make of it.［25］This is especially true in small companies, where the ability to adapt and take on new responsibilities is highly valued. And this is equally important, if you're just starting out. Entry-level interviewees would do well to demonstrate a broad set of skills in most interviews. It's important to have a wide skill set, as many startups and small companies are moving really fast. Employers are looking for candidates that are intelligent and can quickly adapt and excel in a growing company.

搞砸一次面试并不难。大多数人坐在招聘经理对面都会感到紧张，回答的问题实际上是让自己公开接受评判。[22] 如果你在错误的时间说了错误的话，你被更加认真考虑入选的可能性就会迅速降低。[23] 最明显的事情就是不要抱怨。雇主希望招聘积极向上的人。消极地谈论上一份工作会让雇主更加担心你可能是很难管理的员工，或者你可能会因为自己的工作表现不好而指责管理人员。不要说你不停跳槽是因为你没有找到合适的工作或者觉得自己没有受到足够多的挑战。这样的陈述会让人觉得你没有目标、很迷茫。而且面试官可能会想：为什么我们的这个职位对你来说会有所不同？你很可能会在六个月之内辞职。这也会让人有疑问：你之前和你的经理的关系属于哪种类型？听起来你们之间并没有敞开心扉交流过。
[24] 管理者通常喜欢那些具有自我掌控能力并积极行动从而实现自我成长的人，这样的员工能够非常好地完成工作，还能为团队贡献自己的想法和解决方案。在讨论你当前的职能时，如果你处于管理层或领导岗位，千万不要把所有成绩或成就都归功于你自己。要强调你的团队以及如何通过他们的才能实现了你的愿景。大多数成功的领导者都明白，只有团队优秀，他们自己才优秀。在面试中承认这一点，将大大有利于你表明一件事：你可能是你所申请的职位的合适人选。
最后，要清楚地了解你的职能。试着传达一种“你能灵活适应新职位”的印象。询问你的职能，意味着你能把自己完全定位到雇主对你的期望上。实际上，你的职能就是你要做的事情。[25] 在小公司尤其如此，在小公司，适应能力和承担新职责的能力非常重要。如果你刚开始工作，这一点同样很重要。初级水平的被面试者最好在大多数面试中展示多样的技能。拥有多样的技能是很重要的，因为许多新成立的公司和小公司发展都非常迅速。成长型公司的雇主们要找的是那些聪明、能迅速适应并脱颖而出的候选人。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.