2021年12月英语六级真题 第2套

Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

The saying “blind as a bat” simply isn't correct. The truth is that all 1,100 bat species can see and often their vision is pretty good, although not as excellent as other night-hunting animals.
There are two main groups of bats, which are believed to have evolved independently of each other, but both from a common ancestor. The first group, known as “mega bats”, are mostly medium-sized or large bats who eat fruits, flowers, and sometimes small animals or fish.［9］These species have distinctive visual centers and big eyes. They use senses of vision and smell to capture their prey. For example, Flying Foxes not only see well during daylight, but can also distinguish colors. They actually rely on their daylight vision and cannot fly during the night with no moonlight. The second group, called “micro bats”, are smaller in size and mostly eat insects.［10］These species use echo location to find their way and identify food. Scientists have proven that despite their poorly developed small eyes, these bats still can see during the day. When we consider the nightly lifestyle of these bats, we will see they have to be sensitive to the changing light levels because this is how they sense when to start hunting. Moreover, vision is used by micro bats to travel over long distances beyond the range of echo location.
So the truth is, there are no bats which are naturally blind.［11］Some species use their sense of hearing more than their eyes as a matter of adaptation to a particular lifestyle, but their eyes are still functional.

俗语“像蝙蝠一样瞎”根本就是不正确的。事实上，1100种蝙蝠都能看得见，而且它们的视力通常非常好，只不过不如其他夜间狩猎动物那么出色罢了。
蝙蝠主要有两大类，人们认为它们是从同一祖先独立进化而来的。第一类被称为“巨型蝙蝠”，多为中型或大型蝙蝠，以水果、鲜花为食，有时也捕食小动物或鱼类。［9］这些物种具有独特的视觉中心和大眼睛。它们使用视觉和嗅觉来捕捉猎物。例如，狐蝠在白天不仅能看得清楚，还能分辨颜色。它们实际上依靠昼视觉，在没有月光的夜间则无法飞行。第二类被称为“微型蝙蝠”，体型较小，主要吃昆虫。［10］这些物种使用回声定位来寻找方向并识别食物。科学家已经证明，尽管这些蝙蝠的小眼睛发育不良，但是它们在白天仍然可以看到东西。当我们考虑这些蝙蝠的夜间生活方式时，我们会发现它们必须对不断变化的光线水平保持敏感，因为它们通过这种方式感知何时开始捕食。此外，微型蝙蝠在进行超出回声定位范围的长途飞行时，也使用视觉。
所以事实是，没有天生看不见的蝙蝠。［11］有些种类的蝙蝠为了适应特定的生活方式，更多地使用听觉而不是视觉，但它们的眼睛仍然能看见。

Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.

A study has found that educational TV shows come with an added lesson that influences a child's behavior.［12］Children spending more time watching educational programs increase their emotional aggression toward other children. This shows that children can learn the educational lesson that was intended. However, they're also learning other things along the way.
This unintended impact has to do with the portrayal of conflict in media and how preschool-age children comprehend that conflict. TV and movie producers often incorporate an element of bad behavior. This is to teach children a lesson at the end of the program. Educational shows have pro-education and pro-social goals. However, conflict between characters is often depicted with characters being unkind to each other, or they may use emotionally aggressive tactics with each other.［13］Preschool children really don't get the moral of the story. That's because it requires that they understand how all the parts of the show fit together. You need pretty complicated cognitive skills and memory skills to be able to do that. These are still developing in young children.
However, parents shouldn't completely constrain children's viewing.［14］Parents should instead watch with their kids and help them to understand the plot.［15］Parents can comment along the way and then explain the message in the end. They should explain how certain types of behavior were not appropriate. This will help children interpret and get the message and help them learn to watch the show for those messages.

一项研究发现，教育性电视节目会额外给孩子们上一课，影响他们的行为。［12］那些花更多的时间看教育性节目的孩子，对其他孩子的情绪攻击会有所增加。这表明，孩子们能够学到预期的教育内容。然而，他们在这个过程中也学到了其他东西。
这种意想不到的影响与媒体对冲突的描述，以及学龄前儿童对冲突的理解有关。电视和电影制作人通常会融入不良行为的元素。这是为了在节目结束时让孩子们学到一些东西。教育性节目的目的是既有利于教育又有利于社会。然而，角色之间的冲突通常被刻画为角色彼此不友好，或者他们可能对彼此使用情感攻击策略。［13］学龄前儿童真的明白不了故事的寓意。这是因为，要明白寓意他们需要了解节目的各个部分是如何结合在一起的。需要相当复杂的认知能力和记忆能力才能做到这一点。而孩子们仍然在发展这些能力。
不过，父母不应该完全限制孩子们看电视。［14］相反，父母应该和孩子们一起看节目，帮助他们理解故事情节。［15］家长可以在过程中评论，然后在最后说明其中蕴含的启示意义。他们应该解释为什么某些行为是不恰当的。这将有助于孩子们理解和领悟节目的启示意义，帮助他们学会观看节目以获取这些信息。

Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.