2021年12月英语六级真题 第2套

Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.

While it has long been a practice in Asian countries, many people in Western countries have yet to embrace that no shoes in the house rule. For many in those countries wiping their shoes before going inside is recorded as sufficient.［16］After all, they may think a little dirt doesn't hurt anyone, but I can give you several good reasons why people should remove their shoes before going inside their homes.
Bacteria are everywhere. They collect on your shoes when you walk along sidewalks, public-toilet floors and even office carpets.［17］In one study conducted at an American university, researchers collected microscopic germs from footwear. They found that up to 421,000 units of bacteria can collect on the outside of a single shoe, and it only takes a little bit of dirt to damage your timber floors. The more dirt you track in, the more it scratches and the more often you have to clean. The extra scrubbing will harm your floors over time. Shoes can also leave marks and scratches on floors, especially high heels or shoes with pointy or hard parts. These can dent and scratch your floor. And if you live in an apartment building, removing your noisy shoes is the polite thing to do out of consideration for your downstairs neighbors. Walking around with bare feet is actually better for your feet. It strengthens the muscles in your feet. So many people are accustomed to wearing shoes during all their waking hours. The more time you spend wearing shoes, the more likely you are to incur foot injuries as a result.
And if people aren't yet convinced by my arguments, I can give one final reason.［18］The dust and toxic chemicals you bring into your house via your shoes can deteriorate the air quality in your home. Toxic chemicals are everywhere in our lives—insect killing chemicals used on public grass areas, cleaning chemicals on the floors of public areas. By kicking off your shoes before you enter the home, you are denying entry to these harmful chemicals. Given the amount of time we spend in classrooms and the number of shoes that pass through them every day, you may well understand me if I were to propose a NO SHOES in the classroom rule.

虽然这在亚洲国家早已成为一种约定俗成的事情，但在西方国家仍有许多人没有接受“在家里不穿鞋”的规则。对西方国家的许多人来说，进门前把鞋蹭一蹭就足够了。［16］毕竟，他们可能认为一点灰尘不会伤害任何人，但我可以给你几个很好的理由，来解释为什么人们在进屋前应该脱鞋。
细菌无处不在。当你从人行道、公共厕所的地板甚至是办公室的地毯上走过时，它们会积聚在你的鞋子上。［17］在美国一所大学进行的一项研究中，研究人员从鞋子上收集了微小的细菌。他们发现，仅仅一只鞋的鞋面上就可以聚集多达42.1万个细菌单位，而且只需要一点点灰尘就能损坏家里的木地板。你带进屋里的灰尘越多，刮伤的地方就越多，然后你需要清理的次数就越多。久而久之，额外的擦洗会损害你的地板。鞋子也会在地板上留下污渍和划痕，尤其是高跟鞋或有尖头或坚硬部分的鞋子。它们可能会让你家的地板凹陷或被划破。如果你住在公寓楼里，出于对楼下邻居的考虑，脱掉会发出噪音的鞋子也是礼貌的做法。光着脚走路其实对你的脚更好。它能增强你脚部的肌肉。有非常多的人习惯了只要醒着就要穿鞋。但事实是，你穿鞋的时间越长，你的脚因此受伤的可能性就越大。
如果有人还没有被我的论点说服，那我可以给出最后一个理由。［18］你通过鞋子带进家里的灰尘和有毒化学物质会使家里的空气质量恶化。有毒化学物质在我们的生活中无处不在，比如公共草地杀虫使用的化学制剂和公共区域清洁地板用的化学物质。在你进入家中之前先脱鞋，你就防止了这些有害化学物质入内。考虑到我们在教室里度过的时间以及每天在教室里来来回回走动的鞋子数量，如果我提出一条“不准穿鞋”的教室守则，你可能就充分理解了。

Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard.

Emotions are an essential and inseparable part of our consciousness. They are part of a built-in mechanism which allows us to cope with the ups and downs of our lives both physically and mentally.
［19］When we hide our emotions and our true feelings, we stop being genuine, spontaneous and authentic in our relationships. When we put on cultivated and polished faces in the company of others, we stop being true to ourselves. Socially, it may be a good tactic to hide our true emotions, but morally, it is also a breach of faith and trust. Although humans are more advanced and intelligent, animals are more genuine and authentic in their behavior and responses than human beings. The more educated we are, the less transparent and reliable we become. We are drawn to our pets because pets do not lie.
［20］One of the first steps in dealing with emotions such as anger or fear is to acknowledge them as normal and human. There is nothing sinful or immoral about being emotional unless your emotions make you inhuman, insensitive, and cruel to others. Feelings of guilt associated with emotions are more devastating and damaging than the experience of emotion itself. So when you deal with the problem of emotions, you should learn not only how to control them, but also how to accept them and manage the guilt and anguish arising from them.
Our brains are made up of a primitive inner core and a more evolved and rational outer core. Most of the time, the rational part of the mind controls the information coming from the primitive core and makes its own decisions as to what to do and how to respond. However, during critical situations, especially when a threat is perceived, the outer core loses control and fails to regulate the impulses and instinctive responses coming from the primitive brain. As a result, we let disturbing thoughts and emotions arise in our consciousness and surrender to our primitive behavior.
In times of emotional turmoil, remember that emotions arise because your senses are wild to the primitive part of your mind, which is self-regulated, autonomous and spontaneous. Your rational mind does not always deal with the messages coming from it effectively. These messages are part of your survival mechanism and should not be stifled simply because emotions are unhealthy and betray your weaknesses.［21］When emotions arise, instead of stifling them, pay attention to them and try to understand the messages they are trying to deliver. This way you make use of your emotions without losing your balance and inner stability.

情感是我们意识中必不可少且不可分割的一部分。它们是一种内在机制的组成部分，使我们能够在身体和精神上应对生活中的起起落落。
［19］当我们隐藏自己的情绪和真实感受时，我们在人际关系中就变得不再真诚、自然以及真实。当我们在别人面前摆出一副举止文雅、完美无缺的面孔时，我们就不再忠于自己。在社交层面，把真实的情绪隐藏起来可能是一个很好的策略，但是在道德层面，这其实是对信任的违背。虽然人类更高等、更聪明，但动物在行为和反应上却比人类更真实、更可信。我们受教育的程度越高，我们就变得越有城府、越不可靠。我们被宠物所吸引也是因为宠物不会说谎。
［20］应对愤怒或恐惧等情绪的第一步是承认它们是正常的、符合人性的。情绪化并没有什么罪恶或不道德之说，除非你的情绪让你变得不人道、麻木不仁和对他人残忍。与情绪相关的负罪感比情绪体验本身更具摧毁力和破坏性。所以当你处理情绪问题时，你不仅要学会如何控制它们，还要学会如何接受它们，并应对由此产生的内疚和痛苦。 我们的大脑由一个原始的内核和一个更加进化和理性的外核组成。大多数时候，大脑的理性部分控制着来自原始内核的信息，并自行决定做什么和如何回应。然而，在危急情况下，尤其是在感知到威胁时，外核会失去控制，无法调节来自原始内核的冲动和本能反应，导致意识中产生令人不安的想法和情绪，并屈服于我们的原始行为。
在情绪混乱的时候请记住，情绪的产生是因为我们的意识对大脑的原始内核来说是不安分的，而大脑具有自我调节性、自主性和自发性。我们理性的大脑并不是总能有效地处理来自大脑原始内核的信息。这些信息是我们生存机制的一部分，不应该仅仅因为情绪不健康和它们暴露了你的弱点而扼杀它们。［21］当情绪出现时，与其将其扼杀，不如关注它们，并试着理解情绪想要传递的信息。通过这种方式，可以在不失去平衡、保持内心稳定的情况下利用自己的情绪。

Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.

Good morning, class. My topic today is how to feed a hungry world.
The world's population is expected to grow from 6.8 billion today to 9.1 billion by 2050. Meanwhile, the world's population more than doubled from 3 billion between 1961 and 2007. Simultaneously, food production has been constrained by a lack of scientific research. Still, the task of feeding the world's population in 2050 seems “easily possible”.
What is needed is a second green revolution. This is an approach that is described as the sustainable growth of global agriculture. Such a revolution will require a wholesale shift of priorities in agricultural research.［22］There is an urgent need for new crop varieties. They must offer higher yields, but use less water, nitrogen-rich fertilizers or other inputs. These new crops must also be more resistant to drought, heat and pests. Equally crucial is lower-tech research into basics such as crop rotation and mixed farming of animals and plants on small farms.
Developing nations could score substantial gains in productivity by making better use of modern technologies and practices. But that requires money. It is estimated that to meet the 2050 challenge, investment must double to $83 billion US dollars a year.［23］Most of that money needs to go towards improving agricultural infrastructure. Everything from production to storage and processing must improve.
However, research agendas need to be focused on the needs of the poorest and most resource-limited countries. It is there that most of the world's population lives, and it is there that population growth over the next decades will be the greatest.［24］To their credit, the world's agricultural scientists are embracing such a broad view. In March, for example, they came together at the first Global Conference on Agricultural Research to begin working out how to change research agendas to help meet the needs of farmers in poorer nations. But these plans will not bear fruit unless they get considerably more support from policy-makers.
The growth in public agricultural-research spending peaked in the 1970s and has been shrinking ever since.［25］The big exception is China, where spending has far surpassed other countries over the past decade. China seems set to transition to become the key supplier of relevant science and technology to poorer countries. But developed countries have a humanitarian responsibility, too. Calls by scientists for large increases in the appropriation of funds for public spending on agricultural research are more than justified.

同学们，早上好。我今天讲话的主题是“如何养活饥饿的世界”。
目前世界人口有68亿，预计到2050年将增长到91亿。相比之下，1961年世界人口为30亿，到2007年翻了一番多。同时，由于缺乏科学研究，所以粮食产量受限。不过，到2050年养活世界人口的任务似乎“很容易完成”。
我们需要的是第二次绿色革命。这是一种被称为全球农业可持续增长的方法。这样一场革命将需要全面转移农业研究重点。［22］迫切需要新品种的作物。新品种的农作物的产量要更高，但使用的水、富含氮的肥料或其他投入要更少。这些新作物还必须具有更强的抗旱性、耐热性和抗虫性。同样重要的是对诸如作物轮作和小型农场动植物混养等基础知识的低端技术研究。
发展中国家通过更好地利用现代技术和实践，可以大大提高生产力。但这需要资金。据估计，为了迎接2050年的挑战，投资金额必须翻一番，即每年要投入830亿美元。［23］其中的大部分资金需要用于改善农业基础设施。从生产到储存再到加工，每个环节都必须改进。
然而，研究议程要重点关注最贫穷国家和资源最有限国家的需求。世界上大部分人口都生活在那些国家，而且未来几十年，那里的人口增长将是最多的。［24］值得赞扬的是，全球农业科学家支持这个宏观的视角。例如，农业科学家们三月份在第一届全球农业研究会议上聚集，开始研究如何改变研究议程，帮助满足较贫穷国家农民的需求。但这些计划如果得不到决策者更多的大力支持，将不会有成效。
农业研究公共支出的增长在20世纪70年代达到顶峰，此后一直在缩减。［25］中国与此格外不同，在过去十年中，中国在这方面的支出远远超过了其他国家。中国似乎准备好转型成为向较贫穷国家提供相关科技的主要供应国。但发达国家也负有人道主义责任，而且科学家呼吁大幅增加农业研究公共支出的拨款是相当合理的。

Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.